Glossary
The EMN Glossary – as one of the key products of the EMN - improves comparability by enabling a common understanding and use of terms and definitions relating to asylum and migration. The Glossary draws on a variety of sources, but primarily on the legislation of the EU asylum and immigration acquis, and makes terms available in the majority of EU Member State languages.
The online version is regularly updated and available in various languages.
- BG: Междуправителствени консултации по миграция, убежище и бежанци
- CZ: Mezivládní konzultace k migraci, azylu a uprchlictví
- DE: Zwischenstaatliche Beratungen über Migration, Asyl und Flüchtlinge
- EE: valitsustevahelised konsultatsioonid rände-, varjupaiga- ja pagulasteemal
- EN: Intergovernmental Consultations on Migration, Asylum and Refugees
- ES: Consultas Intergubernamentales sobre Asilo, Refugio y Migración
- FI: IGC (Euroopan, Pohjois-Amerikan ja Australian turvapaikka-, pakolais- ja siirtolaispolitiikkoja käsittelevät hallitustenväliset neuvottelut)
- FR: Consultations intergouvernementales sur les politiques d’asile, de réfugiés et de migrations
- GA: Comhairliúcháin Idir-Rialtasacha maidir le hImirce, Tearmann agus Dídeanaithe
- HU: Kormányközi Tanácskozás / Együttműködés a Migrációról és a Menekültügyről
- IT: Consultazioni Inter-Governative in materia di Immigrazione, Asilo e Rifugiati
- LT: tarpvyriausybinės konsultacijos migracijos, prieglobsčio ir pabėgėlių klausimais
- LV: Starpvaldību konsultācijas par migrācijas, patvēruma un bēgļu jautājumiem
- MT: Konsultazzjonijiet Intergovernattivi fuq Migrazzjoni, Ażil u Rifuġjati
- NL: IGC (BE syn.: Intergouvernementeel Overleg over migratie, asiel en vluchtelingen)
- NO: Flernasjonal informasjonsutveksling om migrasjons, asyl- og flyktningspørsmål
- PL: międzyrządowe konsultacje nt. migracji, azylu i uchodźców
- PT: consultas intergovernamentais sobre migrações, asilo e refugiados
- RO: Consultări interministeriale cu privire la migraţie, azil şi refugiaţi
- SE: Intergovernmental Consultations on Migration, Asylum and Refugees
- SK: Medzivládne konzultácie o migrácii, azyle a utečencoch
- SL: Medvladna posvetovanja o migraciji, azilu in beguncih
An informal, non-decision making forum for intergovernmental information exchange and policy debate on issues of relevance to the management of international migratory flows, which brings together the participating states, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) , the International Organization for Migration (IOM) and the European Commission.
2. For more information on participating states etc., see the IGC website.
- BG: право на убежище (от гледна точка на държавата, предоставяща закрила)
- CZ: právo azylu
- DE: Recht, Asyl zu gewähren / Asylrecht (DE)
- EE: õigus varjupaigale
- EN: right of asylum
- ES: derecho de asilo
- FI: turvapaikkaoikeus
- FR: droit d’asile
- GA: ceart tearmainn
- GR: δικαίωμα ασύλου
- HU: menedékjog
- IT: diritto di asilo
- LT: prieglobsčio teisė
- LV: patvēruma tiesības
- MT: Dritt mogħti għall-ażil
- NL: asielrecht (syn.: recht van asiel)
- NO: rett til å gi beskyttelse / asyl (b) / rett til å gje vern / asyl (n)
- PL: prawo do udzielenia azylu
- PT: direito ao asilo
- RO: dreptul la azil
- SE: asylrätt
- SK: právo udeliť azyl
- SL: azilna pravica
The right of the State, in virtue of its territorial sovereignty and in the exercise of its discretion, to allow a non-national to enter and reside, and to resist the exercise of jurisdiction by any State over that individual.
2. The International Organization for Migration (IOM) uses a generic term, in two senses:
- the right to grant asylum (a State may grant asylum in its territory to any person at its own discretion) and
- the right to be granted asylum either vis-à-vis the State in whose territory asylum is requested, or vis‑à-vis the pursuing State.
- BG: гражданство
- CZ: státní občanství
- DE: Staatsangehörigkeit / Staatsbürgerschaft
- EE: kodakondsus
- EN: citizenship
- ES: nacionalidad
- FI: kansalaisuus
- FR: citoyenneté
- GA: saoránacht
- GR: ιθαγένεια; υπηκοότητα
- HU: állampolgárság
- IT: cittadinanza
- LT: pilietybė
- LV: pilsonība
- MT: Ċittadinanza
- NL: staatsburgerschap
- NO: statsborgerskap (b) / statsborgarskap (n)
- PL: obywatelstwo
- PT: nacionalidade
- RO: cetăţenie
- SE: medborgarskap
- SK: štátne občianstvo / štátna príslušnosť
- SL: državljanstvo
The particular legal bond between an individual and their State, acquired by birth or naturalisation, whether by declaration, choice, marriage or other means according to national legislation.
2. According to Art. 1 of the Hague Convention on Certain Questions Relating to the Conflict of Nationality Law, 1930, it is for each State to determine under its own laws who are its nationals.
3. The tie of nationality confers individual rights and imposes obligations that a State reserves for its population. Nationality carries with it certain consequences as regards migration, such as the right of a State to protect its nationals against violations of their individual rights committed by foreign authorities (particularly by means of diplomatic protection), the duty to accept its nationals onto its territory, and the prohibition to expel them.
- BG: no translation
- CZ: cizinec, kterému brání ve vycestování překážka na jeho vůli nezávislá
- DE: gestrandeter Migrant (term is not used in AT,DE, LU)
- EE: juhusisserändaja (no usual translation)
- EN: stranded migrant
- ES: migrante desamparado
- FI: maahan jäämään joutunut siirtolainen / no usual translation
- FR: migrant en détresse
- GA: imirceach sáinnithe
- HU: megfeneklett migránsok
- IT: migrante bloccato
- LT: migrantas, atsidūręs sunkioje padėtyje
- LV: grūtā stāvoklī nonācis migrants
- MT: Migrant(a) imwaħħal (imwaħħla) fil-post
- NL: gestrande migrant
- NO: migrant med påtvunget opphold (b) / migrant med påtvinga opphald (n)
- PL: migrant przymusowy
- RO: migrant forţat să rămână pe teritoriu
- SE: strandad migrant
- SK: uviaznutý migrant
- SL: ujeti migrant / nasedli migrant
A migrant who for reasons beyond their control has been unintentionally forced to stay in a country.
According to UNESCO, migrants may become stranded due to circumstances in the country of origin, a position of prolonged detention or practical difficulties. Stranded migrants may be individuals whose claim for refugee status has been rejected.
3. For further information, see UNESCO’s People on the Move Handbook.
- BG: Комитет по имиграция и убежище
- CZ: Výbor pro přistěhovalectví a azyl
- DE: Ausschuss für Einwanderung und Asyl
- EE: sisserände- ja varjupaigakomitee
- EN: Committee on Immigration and Asylum
- ES: Comité de Inmigración y Asilo
- FI: Maahanmuutto- ja turvapaikka-asioiden komitea
- FR: Comité sur l’immigration et l’asile
- GA: An Coiste um Inimrice agus Thearmann
- GR: Επιτροπή για τη Μετανάστευση και το Άσυλο
- HU: Bevándorlási és Menekültügyi Bizottság
- IT: Comitato Immigrazione e Asilo
- LT: Imigracijos ir prieglobsčio komitetas
- LV: Imigrācijas un patvēruma komiteja
- MT: Kumitat dwar l-Immigrazzjoni u l-Ażil
- NL: Comité voor immigratie en asiel
- NO: Komiteen for innvandrings- og asylspørsmål
- PL: Komitet ds. Imigracji i Azylu
- PT: Comité Imigração e Asilo
- RO: Comitetul Imigraţie şi Azil
- SE: kommittén för frågor om invandring och asyl
- SK: Výbor pre prisťahovalectvo a azyl
- SL: Odbor za priseljevanje in azil
A European Commission-led expert group aimed at facilitating an informal exchange of views between EU Member State administrations and the Commission services on political and legal issues related to migration, border and asylum.
2. The CIA is also used as a forum for collecting information on the situation in EU Member States (via questionnaires) on selected policy-relevant issues and where the Commission can report to EU Member States on its activities.
3. Participants from EU Member States are nominated on an ad-hoc basis; normally both ‘generalists’ from the Permanent Representations and ‘specialists’ from the capitals are present. Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and international organisations such as United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) or the International Organization for Migration (IOM) are sometimes invited to join discussions of the CIA as active observers.
4. For more information, see the European Commission Register of Commission Expert Groups.
- BG: миграция
- CZ: migrace
- DE: Migration
- EE: ränne
- EN: migration
- ES: migración
- FI: muuttoliike / siirtolaisuus
- FR: migration
- GA: imirce
- GR: μετανάστευση
- HU: migráció
- IT: migrazione
- LT: migracija
- LV: migrācija
- MT: Migrazzjoni
- NL: migratie
- NO: migrasjon
- PL: migracja
- PT: migração
- RO: migraţie
- SE: migration
- SK: migrácia
- SL: migracija
In the EU context, the action by which a person either:
(i) establishes their usual residence in the territory of an EU Member State for a period that is, or is expected to be, of at least 12 months, having previously been usually resident in another EU Member State or a third country; or
(ii) having previously been usually resident in the territory of an EU Member State, ceases to have their usual residence in that EU Member State for a period that is, or is expected to be, of at least 12 months.
2. The International Organization for Migration (IOM) defines migration as follows: 'movement of a person or a group of persons, either across an international border (international migration), or within a state (internal migration), encompassing any kind of movement of people, whatever its length, composition and causes'. This broad definition covers all forms of migration (voluntrary/forced migration, internal/international migration, long-term/short-term migration), different motives for migration (migration because of political persecution, conflicts, economic problems, environmental degradation or a combination of these reasons or migration in search of better economic conditions or conditions of survival or well-being, or other motives such as familiy reunfication) and irrespective of the means used to migrate (legal/irregular migration). Thus it includes migration of refugees, displaced persons, economic migrants and persons moving for other purposes, including family reunification.
3. Under the UN, the definition 'movements for shorter periods' would not be considered migration.
- BG: Евроазил
- CZ: Eurasil
- DE: Netzwerk für Asylpraktiker der Europäischen Union (Eurasil)
- EE: Eurasil
- EN: Eurasil
- ES: Eurasil
- FI: Eurasil
- FR: Eurasil
- GA: Eurasil
- GR: Ομάδα στο πλαίσιο της Ε.Επιτροπής για την ανταλλαγή πληροφοριών για τις χώρες καταγωγής αιτούντων άσυλο
- HU: Eurasil
- IT: Eurasil
- LT: Eurasil
- LV: Eurasil
- MT: Eurasil
- NL: Eurasil
- NO: Eurasil
- PL: Eurasil
- PT: Eurasil
- RO: Eurasil
- SE: Eurasil
- SK: Eurasil
- SL: Eurasil
A European Union Network for asylum practitioners providing a forum for the exchange of country of origin information, best practices and a variety of policy-related matters among EU Member States, asylum adjudicators and the European Commission, which aims to improve and maximise convergence on approaches to, and assessment of, the protection needs of asylum seekers.
2. EURASIL meetings were attended by representatives of the national ministries and asylum authorities of the EU Member States, as well as of CH, NO and IS. Depending on the topics of the meeting, international organisations such as United Nations High Commissior for Refugees (UNHCR) or International Organization for Migration (IOM) attended Eurasil as external experts.
3. With the establishment of the European Asylum Support Office (EASO) , EASO has taken over responsibility for Eurasil and further developed EURASIL activities (EASO Practical Cooperation).
- BG: Обсерватория по миграция за страните от Африка, Карибите и Тихоокенския басейн
- CZ: Observatoř pro migraci států Afriky, Karibiku a Pacifiku
- DE: Beobachtungsstelle für Migration in Afrika, in der Karibik und im pazifischen Raum
- EE: Aafrika, Kariibi mere ja Vaikse ookeani piirkonna riikide rände vaatluskeskus
- EN: Africa Caribbean Pacific Observatory on Migration
- ES: Observatorio sobre Migraciones Africa Caribe Pacífico
- FI: Afrikan, Karibian ja Tyynenmeren alueen muuttoliikkeiden seurantakeskus
- FR: Observatoire Afrique, Caraïbes, Pacifique sur les migrations
- GA: Faireachlann Stáit na hAfraice, Mhuir Chairib agus an Aigéin Chiúin um Imirce, Faireachlann ACC um Imirce
- GR: Αφρική , Καραϊβικής, Ειρηνικός παρατηρητήριο για τη μετανάστευση
- HU: Afrikai, Karibi és Csendes-óceáni Migrációs Megfigyelő Központ
- IT: Osservatorio Africa, Caraibi e Pacifico sulle migrazioni
- LT: Afrikos, Karibų ir Ramiojo vandenyno valstybių migracijos stebėjimo tarnyba
- LV: Āfrikas, Karību jūras reģiona un Klusā okeāna valstu migrācijas novērošanas centrs
- MT: Osservatorju (L-) tal-Afrika, Karibew u Paċifiku fuq il-Migrazzjoni
- NL: Africa Caribbean Pacific Observatory on Migration
- NO: Africa Caribbean Pacific Observatory on Migration (dažniausiai vartojamo išversto termino nėra)
- PL: Obserwatorium Migracji państw Afryki, Karaibów i Pacyfiku
- RO: Observator cu privire la migratie Africa Caraibe Pacific
- SE: Africa Caribbean Pacific Observatory on Migration (dažniausiai vartojamo išversto termino nėra)
- SK: Observatórium Skupiny afrických, karibských a tichomorských štátov pre migráciu
- SL: Afriško - Karibsko - Pacifiški observatorij za migracije
A reference network of migration research institutions and governmental entities dealing with migration in the six regions of the Africa Caribbean Pacific (ACP) Group of States, namely West Africa, Central Africa, East Africa, Southern Africa, the Caribbean and the Pacific, designed to produce data on South-South ACP migration flows for civil society and policy-makers, and enhance research capacities in ACP countries through networking and cooperation among organisations.
2. Activities are undertaken in 12 pilot countries (Angola, Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Haiti, Kenya, Lesotho, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Senegal, Tanzania, Timor‑Leste and Trinidad and Tobago).
3. For more information see the webpage of the ACP Observatory.